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California 

Wild 
Flowers 


Theodore   Payne 


,  C    '  *^O  , 


California 
Wild  Flowers 


Their  Culture  and  Care 


A  treatise  describing  upwards  of  a 

hundred  beautiful  species  with 

a  few  notes  on  their  habits 

and  characteristics. 


By 
Theodore  Payne 


Copyright  1910,  by  Theodore  Payne 

Published  October  1910 

All  Rights  Reserved 


Theodore  Payne 

345  S.  Main  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
U.  S.  A. 


Wild  Flower  Seeds 

For  Different  Situations 
and  Color  Effects 


For  those  who  have  large  grounds  and  require  a 
quantity  of  seed  I  will  be  pleased  to  quote  special 
prices  on  any  kinds  that  I  am  able  to  offer  in  large 
quantities,  and  for  those  who  simply  desire  mix- 
tures of  different  kinds,  the  price  will  be  found 
given  on  page  17  of  this  booklet. 

Annuals    for    shady    and    partially    shady    places. 

Nemophila  aurita,  Nemophihi  insignis,  Nemophila 
maculata,  Viola  pedunculata,  Collinsia  bicolor, 
Floerkia  Douglasii,  Godetia  Bottae,  Godetia 
amoena,  Godetia  grandiflora,  Meconopsis  hetero- 
phylla,  Mimulus  brevipes,  and  Clarkia  elegans. 

Annuals  for  very  dry  sunny  places.  Mentzelia 
Lindleyi,  Layia  glandulosa,  Layia  elegans,  Esch- 
scholtzia  californica,  Phacelia  Whitlavia,  and 
Helianthus  annuus. 

Annuals  in  orange,  yellow  and  cream  shades,  given 
as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  order  in  which  they 
commence  blooming.  Baeria  gracilis,  Coreopsis 
Douglasii,  Viola  peduuculata,  Floerkia  Douglasii, 
Coreopsis  Stillmanii,  Eschscholtzia  californica, 
Platystemon  californicus,  Malacothrix  califor- 
nica, Layia  elegans,  Mimulus  brevipes,  Mimulus 
luteus,  Mentzelia  Lindleyi,  and  Helianthus 
annuus. 

Annuals  in  blue,  purple  and  lavender  shades.  Nemo- 
phila insignis,  Nemophila  aurita,  Gilia  achillae- 


acea. 


Low  growing*  Annuals"  for  small  beds  or  borders. 
Nemophila  insignis,  Nemophila  maculata,  Baeria 
gracilis,  Coreopsis  Douglasii,  Floerkia  Douglasii, 
Platystemon  californicus,  Viola  pedunculata, 
Gilia  dianthoides,  and  Orthocarpus  purpurascens. 

Perennials  for  dry  banks.  Zauschneria  californica, 
Lupinus  arboreus,  Encelia  californica,  Trichos- 
tema  lanatum,  Pentstemon  heterophyllus. 


Native  Trees  and  Shrubs.  I  am  making  a  specialty 
of  growing  our  native  trees  and  shrubs,  but  as  it 
takes  years  to  work  up  a  stock  of  these,  espe- 
cially as  most  of  them  are  raised  from  the  seed, 
it  is  my  intention  to  issue  price  lists,  from  time 
to  time,  of  the  kinds  that  1  have  large  enough 
for  sale.  The  latest  list  will  be  mailed  free  on 
application. 


INTRODUCTION 
AND  CULTURAL  NOTES 


We  are  just  beginning  to  really  appreciate  our 
native  plants,  trees  and  shrubs,  and  to  realize  fully 
their  beauty,  charm  and  value  for  cultivation  in 
our  gardens.  In  hunting  the  world  over  for  exotics 
to  bring  here,  we  have  exhausted  the  supply  from 
many  lands,  until  few  countries  have  as  large  and 
varied  a  list  of  plants  from  all  climes  as  are  repre- 
sented in  the  gardens  of  California.  Yet  we  have 
neglected  many  of  the  most  beautiful,  the  most  in- 
teresting, and  also  the  most  appropriate  of  all,  be- 
cause they  harmonize  so  perfectly  with  our  sur- 
roundings, and  are  so  well  adapted  to  our  climate 
and  conditions;  our  own  native  plants,  planted  here 
by  nature  herself,  the  first  of  all  gardeners.  When 
we  wander  out  into  the  hills,  in  the  canyons,  or  by 
the  mountain  streams,  and  see  the  gnarled  old  syca- 
mores, picturesque  live  oaks,  or  the  tall,  stately 
maples  and  eottonwoods,  the  banks  covered  with 
wild  grape  vines,  California  fusehias  and  honey- 
suckles, the  open  plains  of  golden  poppies,  or  even 
the  dry  hillsides  with  the  Spanish  bayonets  stand- 
ing erect,  their  many  thousands  of  white  flowers 
glistening  in  the  sunshine,  we  realize  after  all  how 
set,  how  formal,  and  how  limited  have  been  our 
own  garden  plots,  compared  with  all  the  wild  beauty 
and  grandeur  of  the  native  landscape.  We  want 
some  of  this  right  near  us,  in  our  own  grounds.  A 
little  nook  here,  or  a  little  patch  there,  only  let  it 
be  just  "wild." 

The  appreciation  that  many  of  my  friends,  and 
the  public,  have  shown  in  my  work  of  collecting 
and  growing  our  California  native  flowers,  trees 
and  shrubs,  has  induced  me  to  issue  this  little 
-booklet,  with  the  hope  that  it  may  be  a_  source  of 
interest  and  service  t,o  many,  and  that  they  may 
be  induced  to  try  at  least  a  few  of  the  species  de- 
scribed herein,  in  their  own  gardens. 

Some  very  fine  effects  can  be  had  by  planting 
many  of  the  perennials  in  large  masses,  or  in 
groups  or  clumps  between  shrubbery  or  trees,  and 
in  nooks  and  corners.  Some  of  the  most  desirable 
are  the  Pentstemons,  especially  P.  spectabilis,  a 
tall  growing  species  with  long  spikes  of  rich  blue 
and  purple  flowers;  P.  centranthifolius  or  the 
"Scarlet  Bugler"  as  it  is  commonly  called;  with 
its  vivid  scarlet  flowers  and  glaucous  green  stems 
and  foliage;  the  Scarlet  Larkspur,  a  tall,  much- 
branched  plant,  with  bright  scarlet  flowers;  the 
Blue  Larkspur;  the  Castillejas  or  "Paint-brushes"; 
the  wild  Columbine;  the  Yellow  Lupin;  the  Cali- 
fornia fuchsia  and  the  Solanums. 

The  seeds  of  the  perennials  can  be  sown  in  pots 
or  seed  boxes,  using  light,  well-drained  soil,  and 
covering  the  seed  very  lightly,  and  as  soon  as  large 
enough  the  plants  can  be  transplanted;  or  the  seed 
may  be  sown  in  the  open  ground  where  the  plants 
are  to  remain  and  flower.  I  have  had  good  results 
with  many  species  from  the  latter  method,  but 
great  care  must  be  taken  not  to  disturb  the  beds 
during  the  dry  or  dormant  period,  as  one  is  apt  to 
forget  that  they  are  there,  and  the  plants  are  easily 
Destroyed. 


For  shady  and  partially  shady  locations  the  na- 
tive lilies  can  be  used  to  great  effect,  the  Lilium 
Humboldtii  being  of  particularly  easy  culture  and 
free  flowering.  The  Fritillarias,  Erythroniums  and 
Brodiaea  coeeinea  are  also  suitable  for  shady 
places,  while  for  sunny  locations  the  other  species 
of  Brodiaea  and  many  of  the  Calochorti  can  be 
used. 

For  those  who  want  quick  results  with  the  least 
possible  labor  and  expense  the  annuals  will  always 
be  the  most  popular.  For  large  places  where  there 
are  trees,  banks  and  slopes,  hollows  or  open 
stretches  of  ground  the  most  marvelous  effects  can 
be  produced  in  a  few  months  by  sowing  the  seed 
broadcast  in  these  spots,  while  for  small  gardens  a 
patch  of  native  annuals  would  always  be  a  source 
of  great  interest  and  beau*"- .  In  sowing  California 
wild  flower  seeds  follow  nature  as  much  as  possible, 
scatter  the  seeds  broadcast  over  the  ground  and 
let  them  come  up  after  the  rains  commence. 
Wherever  practicable  it  is  best  to  work  up  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground  and  pulverize  with  a  fine  rake, 
afterwards  the  seeds  can  be  scattered  broadcast 
over  the  ground.  A  very  good  time  is  just  before 
a  rain,  or  even  while  it  is  raining,  if  it  can  be  so 
arranged.  They  require  practically  no  further  at- 
tention, and  will  succeed  with  an  average  amount 
of  rainfall  without  artificial  irrigation.  In  dry 
years,  of  course,  watering  would  be  beneficial,  and 
in  cases  where  very  quick  results  are  desired,  fre- 
quent waterings  will  produce  a  quicker  growth.  The 
seeds  can  also  be  sown  later  on  in  the  season,  up  to 
about  February,  and  if  sprinkled  frequently  many 
species  will  flower  quite  profusely,  though  they  will 
not  succeed  as  well  as  those  sown  in  the  fall.  Many 
of  our  vacant  town  lots  could  be  sown  broadcast 
with  wild  flowers,  producing  little  beauty  spots  for 
several  months  in  the  year.  If  vacant  lots  should 
be  used,  however,  the  ground  should  be  plowed  up 
some  time  before,  and  thoroughly  watered,  so  that 
all  the  weed  seeds  would  start  to  grow,  and  as  soon 
as  large  enough  the  weeds  should  be  hoed  off,  several 
times,  if  necessary.  This  .  is  very  important,  as 
most  of  the  vacant  lots  are  so  abundant  in  weeds 
that  the  flower  seeds  would  be  choked  out.  After 
the  weeds  have  been  exterminated,  the  surface  of 
the  ground  can  be  worked  up,  with  a  rake,  and  the 
seed  sown.  The  above  remarks  refer  entirely  to 
California. 

In  the  eastern  states  the  seed  should  be  sown  in 
spring  after  danger  of  frost  is  over.  Most  species 
will  prove  successful  there,  and  be  highly  prized. 

While  nearly  all  the  annuals  listed  in  this  book- 
let will  succeed  in  the  open  sunlight,  there  are  some 
which  do  quite  well  in  shade  or  partial  shade,  and 
others  which  require  it.  On  page  2  I  have  given  a 
list  of  the  best  kinds  for  planting  in  shady  places, 
also  some  desirable  kinds  for  very  hot  dry  locations, 
and  lists  in  separate  colors  for  producing  a  succes- 
sion of  bloom,  given  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the 
order  in  which  they  commence  flowering,  also  some 
low  growing  kinds  for  small  beds. 


CALIFORNIA    WILD 
FLOWER  SEEDS 


Abronia  umbellata.  "Sand  Verbena."  Annual  of 
low  trailing  habit.  Flowers  delicate  rose,  re- 
sembling a  verbena.  Of  easy  cultivation,  thriv- 
ing best  in  sandy  soil.  Pkt.  5c. 

Antirrhinum  Coulterianum.  "White  Snapdragon." 
Annual  3  to  5  feet  high.  Small  white  flowers  in 
spikes  often  2  feet  long.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Aquilegia  truncata.  ' '  Columbine. ' '  Perennial  2 
to  3  feet  high.  Flowers  deep  scarlet  tipped  with 
yellow.  Stems  slender  and  fascinatingly  grace- 
ful, with  leaves  beautifully  escolloped.  One  of 
the  most  winsome  of  native  beauties.  Seed  is 
best  sown  in  seed  boxes  or  pans  and  afterwards 
transplanted.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Argemone  platyceras.  "Prickly  Poppy."  Annual 
1VL-  to  3  feet  high.  Flowers  2  to  3  inches  in 
diameter,  white,  crepe-like  petals  and  bright  yel- 
low center,  much  resembling  the  Matilija  Poppy. 
Leaves  gray-green  densely  covered  with  pale  yel- 
low spines.  Beautiful,  striking,  and  curious. 
Pkt.  5c. 

Atriplex  canescens.  "Desert  Salt  Bush."  Peren- 
nial shrub  4  to  6  feet  high,  pretty  silver  grey 
foliage.  Flowers  in  immense  panic-led  spikes 
with  conspicuous  rose  colored  flower  bracts.  Its 
principal  use,  however,  is  for  hedges;  it  needs 
very  little  water,  grows  rapidly  and  can  be 
trimmed  into  any  shape  and  will  grow  very 
dense.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Baeria  gracilis.    "Sunshine.'"     Annual  4  to  8  inches  ' 
high.      A    very   graceful    little   plant  with    minute 
foliage    and    golden    yellow    star-shaped    flowers. 
Would  be  very  attractive  for  borders  or  for  sow 
iny   in  masses  in  small  beds.     Pkt.  5c. 

Castillej a  Martini.  "Indian  Paint  Brush. "  Peren- 
nial 1  to  2  feet  high.  Flower  bracts  in  dense 
clusters,  green  at  base  turning  off  into  a  bright 
scarlet.  Appearance  of  having  been  dipped  in 
fresh  paint,  hence  its  common  name.  The  color 
is  the  most  vivid  scarlet;  a  most  attractive 
flower.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Castilleja  californica.  "Indian  Paint  Brush." 
Perennial  2  to  3  feet  high.  Flower  bracts  deep 
scarlet;  foliage  and  stems  usually  of  a  deep 
bronze  color.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Ceanothus  divaricatus.  "California  Lilac."  Shrub 
5  to  10  feet  high.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  of 
our  native  shrubs,  with  light  green  foliage  and 
large  clusters  of  pale  blue,  fragrant  flowers, 
blooming  early  in  spring.  Soak  the  seed  in  hot 
water  a  few  hours  before  sowing.  Pkt.  15c. 

Clarkia  elegans.  Annual  3  to  6  feet  high.  An  erect 
growing,  slender,  branching  plant.  The  flowers 
are  very  attractive,  the  white  and  crimson 
stamens  and  purple  petals  give  a  pronounced  yet 
dolicato  effect.  Pkt.  ."><-. 


THEODORE    PAYNE 


Collinsia  bicolor.  "Innocence."  Annual  1  to  2 
feet  high.  Of  slender,  graceful  habit,  with  bright 
green  foliage.  Flowers  in  clusters  regularly  dis- 
posed, suggesting  rows.  Upper  lip  white  or  lilac, 
lower  violet  or  rose-purple.  Pkt.  5c. 

Coreopsis  Douglasii  (Leptosyne  Douglasii).  "Yel- 
low Daisy."  Annual  6  to  12  inches  high.  A  ten- 
der looking,  graceful  plant,  with  finely  cut, 
thread-like  leaves  and  yellow  flowers  of  a  pecu- 
liar brightness,  more  sunshiny  than  buttercups. 
Pkt.  10c. 


CASTILLEJA    MARTINI 
See  Description  on  p.  5. 

Coreopsis  maritima  (Leptosyne  maritima).  "Sea 
Dahlia."  Perennial  2  to  2%  feet  high.  Large 
flowers  3  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  much  resemb- 
ling the  Coreopsis  lanceolata  of  our  gardens  but 
of  a  light  canary  yellow  color.  Very  fine  for 
cutting  purposes.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Coreopsis  Stillmani  (Leptosyne  Stillmani).  Annual 
9  to  12  inches  high.  Similar  to  C.  Douglasii 
but  more  bushy  in  growth.  Flowers  bright  yel- 
low. From  the  Sierra  Nevada  mountains.  Pkt. 
15c. 

Delphinium  cardinale.  "Scarlet  Larkspur."  Per- 
ennial 3  to  6  feet.  A  tall,  branching  plant  with 
long  spikes  of  bright  scarlet  flowers.  Gorgeous 
and  majestic.  Seed  is  best  sown  in  seed  boxes 
or  pans  and  afterwards  transplanted.  Pkt.  lOc. 


CALIFORNIA  WILD  FLOWERS 


Delphinium  Parryi.  "Blue  Larkspur."  Perennial 
1  to  3  feet  high.  Flowers  large,  rich  blue.  A 
plant  of  delicate  poise  and  graceful  habit;  leaves 
somewhat  kidney-shaped.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Dendro^eccn  rigidum.  "Tree  Poppy."  Perennial 
shrub  4  to  8  feet  high.  Graceful  willow-like 
foliage  and  bright-yellow  flowers  3  inches  or  more 
in  diameter,  blooms  nearly  all  the  year  round. 
Seed  is  hard  to  germinate.  Pkt.  15c. 


DELPHINIUM  CARDINALE 
See  Description  on  p.  6. 

Dicentra  chrysantha.  "  Cal if ornia  Bleeding  Heart". " 
Perennial  3  to  4  feet  high.  Pretty  deeply  cut 
glaucous  foliage  and  rich  yellow  flowers.  Pkt. 
lOe. 

Dodecatheon  Cleveland!.  ' '  Shooting  Star. ' 1  Per- 
ennial 1  to  114  feet  high.  Flowers  in  shape  like 
the  Cyclamen,  varying  in  color  from  delicate  lilac 
to  pure  white;  the  petals  are  ringed  at  the  base 
with  pale  yellow,  and  the  beak  of  the  flower  is 
violet-purple;  very  fragrant.  One  of  the  most 
interesting  of  our  native  flowers.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Emmenanthe  penduliflora.  "Whispering  Bells." 
Annual  1  to  2  feet  high.  A  branching  plant  pro- 
dnring  a  quantity  of  bell-shaped,  pendulous 


THEODORE  PAYNE 


flowers,  cream-colored  or  yellow.  The  flowers 
dry  intact  on  the  plants  and  with  a  slight  breeze 
cause  a  delicate  rustling  sound,  hence  the  name 
of  "Whispering  Bells."  The  flowers  may  be  cut 
and  dried  and  will  keep  like  an  everlasting 
flower.  The  seed  is  not  easy  to  germinate.  In 
the  wild  state  the  plants  appear  in  immense  quan- 
tities after  a  mountain  fire  and  then  almost  en- 
tirely disappear  again;  this  would  indicate  that 
either  the  intense  heat  or  the  lye  in  the  ashes 
acts  on  the  seed  causing  it  to  sprout.  Probably 
the  best  way  to  start  the  seed  would  be  to  sow 
broadcast  in  the  open  ground  and  burn  a  quan- 
tity of  brush  over  it.  Pkt.  15c. 

Encelia  californica.  Perennial  shrub  2  to  6  feet 
high;  found  growing  on  dry  hillsides  and  blooms 
profusely.  Flowers  somewhat  resembling  a  sin- 
gle sunflower,  bright  yellow  with  dark  brown 
centers.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Erysimum  asperam.  "Wild  Wallflower.''  Peren- 
nial 2  to  4  feet  high.  Erect  growing  plant  with 
long  spikes  of  large  orange-colored  flowers;  very 
handsome  and  striking.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Erythraea  venusta.  "Pink  Gentian."  Annual  4 
to  8  inches  high,  belonging  to  the  Gentian  family. 
Very  showy,  clear  pink,  star-shaped  flowers  pro- 
duced in  great  numbers;  blooms  in  early  summer 
after  most  of  the  spring  flowers  are  over.  One 
of  the  most  charming  of  our  wild  flowers  and  no 
plant  is  more  deserving  of  cultivation.  Would 
be  especially  valuable  for  small  beds  and  bor- 
ders; requires  very  little  moisture;  might  also 
prove  successful  as  a  pot  plant;  the  plants  branch 
from  the  ground,  each  branch  terminating  in  a 
head  of  flowers  which  bloom  at  the  same  time; 
each  plant  thus  forms  a  perfect  little  bouquet  in 
itself.  Pkt.  15c. 

Eschscholtzia  californica.  "California  Poppy." 
Annual  1  to  1%  feet  high.  The  most  noted  of 
California  wild  flowers.  Dream  and  despair  of 
artists.  The  emblem  of  our  Golden  State.  The 
Spanish-Americans  gave  this  flower  a  pretty  and 
appropriate  name,  Copa  de  Oro  or  "Cup  of 
Gold."  Flowers  2  to  3  inches  in  diameter, 
orange-yellow  with  a  beautiful  glossy  sheen. 
Gray-green  finely  cut  foliage.  Pkt.  5c. 

Thy  satin  vesture  richer  is  than  looms 
Of  Orient  weave  for  rainment  of  her  kings! 
Not  dyes  of  olden  Tyre,  not  precious  things 

Regathered  from  the  long-forgotten  tombs 

Of  buried  empires,  not  the  iris  plumes 
That  wave  upon  the  tropics'  myriad  wings. 
Not  all  proud  Sheba's  Queenly  offerings 

Could  match  the  golden  marvel  of  thy  blooms. 

For  thou  art  nurtured  from  the  treasure-veins 
Of  this  fair  land;  thy  golden  rootlets  sup 
Her  sands  of  gold— of  gold  thy  petals  spun. 

Her  golden  glory,  thou!     On  hills  and  plains, 
Lifting,  exultant,  every  kingly  cup 

Brimmed  with  the  golden  vintage  of  the  sun. 

— INA  D.  COOLBRITH 


CALIFORNIA  WILD  FLOWERS 


Floerkia  Douglasii.  "Meadow  Foam. "  Annual  6 
to  9  inches  high.  A  low  spreading  plant  with 
finely  cut  leaves  and  cream  colored  flowers. 
Grows  in  moist  places.  Pkt.  5c. 

Fremontia  calif ornica.  ' '  California  Slippery-Elm. ' ' 
Shrub  5  to  20  feet  high.  Found  by  General  Fre- 
mont when  crossing  the  Sierras,  and  named  in  his 
honor.  It  reaches  its  greatest  perfection  on  the 
desert  side  of  our  mountains,  and  flowers  in  early 
summer,  when  the  bushes  are  simply  a  mass  of 
golden  yellow  flowers,  two  to  three  inches  across. 
No  more  glorious  sight  can  be  imagined  than  a 
mass  of  these  shrubs  in  full  bloom.  The  seed 
is  hard  to  germinate.  Pkt.  15c. 


LAYIA  KLKGANS 
See  Description  on  p.  11. 

Gilia  abrotanifolia.  Annual,  1%  to  2%  feet  high. 
Of  slender  habit  with  a  few  ascending  branches 
bearing  large  terminal  heads  of  delicate  pale 
blue  flowers,  almost  as  large  as  the  common 
Scabiosa  of  our  gardens,  and  indeed  at  first 
sight  reminding  one  of  that  flower.  Quite  desir- 
able for  cutting.  Pkt.  loc. 

Gilia  achilla^folia.  "Blue  Gilia."  Annual  9  to 
12  inches  high.  Small  lavender-blue  flowers  in 
dense  heads,  on  graceful  slender  stems.  Light 
green  feathery  leaves.  Pkt.  5c. 

Gilia  capitata.  "Blue  Gilia."  Annual  9  to  12 
inches  high.  Much  resembling  the  preceding; 
flowers  pale  blue  to  white.  Pkt.  5c. 

Gilia  dianthoides.  "Fringed  Gilia  or  Ground 
Pink."  Annual  2  to  6  inches  high.  An  exqui- 
site little  plant  with  minute  leaves  and  Phlox- 
like  flowers,  rose  colored  or  lilac  with  yellowish 
throat.  Blending  of  colors  and  delicacy  of  plant 
indescribably  beautiful.  Would  make  an  attrac- 
tive border.  Pkt.  15c. 


10 


THEODORE    PAYNK 


G-ilia  tricolor.  "Bird's  Kyes. "  Annual  9  inches 
to  1  foot  high.  Flowers  pale  lilac,  yellow  to- 
ward the  center  with  five  purple  spots.  Charm- 
ing combination  of  colors.  Pkt.  5c. 

G-odetia  amoena.  "Farewell  to  Spring."  Annual 
1  to  2  feet  high.  A  plant  of  slender  growth, 
usually  found  on  shady  banks,  and  flowering  in 
great  profusion.  The  flowers  are  lilac-crimson 
or  red-pink,  often  with  a  darker  center.  Pkt.  lOc. 


IvUPINUS    AFFINIS 
See  Description  on  p.  11. 

Godetia  Eottae.  "Farewell  to  Spring."  Annual 
2  to  3  feet  high.  A  slender  plant;  flowers  pale 
rose  or  lilac  with  purple  dotted  lines  and  a  rich 
purple  spot  in  the  center.  Pkt.  TOc. 

Godetia  grandiflora.  "Farewell  to  Spring."  An- 
nual 1  to  2  feet  high.  A  graceful,  slender- 
stemmed  plant.  Flowers  delicate  pink  marked 
with  rich  crimson.  Kemarkable  for  the  abund- 
ance of  large,  beautiful  flowers,  often  4  inches 
across.  Grows  well  in  a  shady  place.  Pkt.  oc. 


CALIFORNIA  WILD  FLOWERS 


11 


Helianthus  annuus.  "Sunflower."  Annual  5  to  8 
feet  high.  Flowers  3  to  4  inches  in  diameter, 
deep  yellow  with  dark  brown  centers;  very  effec- 
tive for  decorations.  Pkt.  5c. 

Lathyrus  splendens.  "Pride  of  California."  A 
perennial  climbing  pea.  Flowers  very  large,  rich 
deep  crimson  and  produced  in  great  clusters. 
Truly  a  magnificent  flower.  Pkt.  15c. 

Layia  elegans.  ' '  Tidy  Tips. ' '  Annual  9  to  15 
inches  high.  A  yellow  daisy  edged  with  white 
or  cream  color.  Leaves  narrow  with  gracefully 
toothed  margins.  Pkt.  lOc. 


MENTZELIA  LINDLEYI 
See  Description  on  p.  12. 

Layia  glandulosa.  "White  Daisy."  Annual  9  to 
15  inches  high.  By  some  of  the  most  critical 
this  is  considered  the  prettiest  of  all  the  Calif- 
ornia wild  flowers.  Petals  clear  glistening  white, 
thin  and  crepe-like;  bright  yellow  center.  Leaves 
grayish  green.  Grows  in  sandy  soil.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Linanthus  densifLorus.  "California  Phlox."  An- 
nual 9  inches  to  2  feet  high.  Flowers  in  crowded 
terminal  clusters,  pink  and  purple  with  yellow 
throat.  Most  effective  for  sowing  thickly  in 
beds,  forming  a  perfect  mass  of  flowers.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Lupinus  affinis.  ' '  Dwarf  Blue  Lupine. ' '  Annual 
1  to  1%  feet  high.  A  very  showy  plant,  with 
rich  blue  and  purple  flowers.  Very  effective  for 
sowing  in  masses.  Pkt,  5c. 

Lupinus  arboreus.  ' '  Yellow  Tree  Lupine. ' '  Shrub- 
by perennial  4  to  10  feet  high.  A  most  con- 
spicuous and  beautiful  plant  with  pretty,  slightly 
silvery  foliage  and  rich  sulphur  yellow,  fragrant 
flowers.  It  roots  deeply  and  is  especially  valuable 
for  sowing  on  banks  to  hold  the  soil.  Pkt.  lOc. 


THEODOKE    PAYNE 


Lupinus  hirsutissimus.  Annual  1%  to  2l/>  feet 
high.  Eather  stout  stems  covered  with  stiff  hairs. 
Flowers  large,  deep  reddish  purple,  very  showy, 
Pkt.  lOc. 

Malacothrix  calif ornica.  Annual  6  to  12  inches 
high.  Flowers  large,  resembling  a  Hawkweed. 
cream  and  yellow  beautifully  blended.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Meconopsis  heterophylla.  "Flaming  Poppy."  An- 
nual 1  to  2  feet  high.  Flowers  salmon-colored  or 
brick  red,  of  exquisite  beauty,  the  petals  having 
the  delicate  satin  texture  of  the  poppy.  A  slen- 
der, fragile  plant  usually  found  in  shady  or 
partially  shady  places.  Pkt.  IGc. 


MIMULUS  BREVIPES 


Mentzelia  Lindleyi.  ' '  Blazing  Star. ' '  Annual  2  to 
4  feet  high.  Yellowish  white  glistening  stems; 
gray-green  leaves;  large  flowers  of  pale  but 
strikingly  vivid  yellow.  Pkt.  5c. 

Mimulus  brevipes.  ' '  Yellow  Monkey  Flower. ' ' 
Annual  1  to  1%  feet  high.  Bright  green  lanceo- 
late leaves.  Flowers  large  clear  canary  yellow. 
Pkt.  15c. 

Mimulus    cardinalis.      ' '  Scarlet    Monkey    Flower. 
Perennial    1    to   3   feet    high.     Pale   green   leaves 
with   bright    scarlet   flowers    with   yellow   throat. 
Very  effective  contrast.     Pkt.  lOc. 

Mimulus  luteus.  ' '  Yellow  Monkey  Flower. ' '  An- 
nual 2  to  3  feet  high.  Handsome  bright  yellow 
flowers  and  shiny  green  leaves.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Nemophila  aurita.  Annual,  steins  1  to  3  feet  long 
generally  trailing  over  underbrush  on  shady 
banks.  Flowers  purplish  violet.  Pkt.  5c. 


CALIFORNIA  WILD   FLOWERS  13 


Nemophila  insignia.  ..' '  Baby-Blue-Eyes. ' '  Annual 
4  to  8  inches  high.  A  most  delicate  and  charm 
ing  little  plant  of  spreading  habit.  Flowers  clear 
azure  blue.  Pkt.  5c. 

Nemophila  maculata.  Annual  4  to  8  inches  high. 
A  beautiful  little  plant  of  spreading  habit. 
Flowers  white  with  large  deep  purple  bloth  on 
each  petal.  Pkt.  5c. 

Oenothera  californica.  "White  Evening  Prim- 
rose.'' Perennial  1  to  2  feet  high.  Generally 
found  growing  in  dry  sandy  places.  The  flowers 
are  very  beautiful,  2  to  21/£>  inches  across,  of 
silken  texture,  white  turning  to  rose-color  and 
fragrant.  Pkt.  lOc. 


ORTHOCARPUS  PURPURASCENS 

Orthocarpas  purpurascens.  "Owl's  Clover  or  Pink 
Paint  Brush."  Annual  4  to  10  inches  high. 
Much  branched  and  bearing  large  heads  of  small 
floweis,  color  center  of  flower  cream,  shading  to 
rose,  pink  or  purplish  lavender.  Pkt.  5c. 

Pentstemon  antirrhinoides.  "Yellow  Pentstemon." 
Perennial  shrub  3  to  4  feet  high.  Small  narrow 
light  green  foliage;  flowers  large,  bright  yellow. 
Seed  of  this  and  the  following  five  species  would 
probably  do  better  sown  in  seed  boxes  or  pans 
and  afterward  transplanted.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Pentstemon  centranthifolius.  "Scarlet  Bugler." 
Perennial  2  to  4  feet  high.  Glaucous  foliage  and 
long  spikes  of  rich  vermilion  flowers.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Pentstemon  cordifolius.  "Scarlet  Honeysuckle." 
Perennial  6  to  8  feet  high.  A  tall  woody  plant 
usually  growing  among  shrubs  which  it  uses  for 
support.  Kesembles  a  Fuchsia  both  in  foliage 
and  flowers;  color  a  bright  orange  scarlet.  Pkt. 
lOc. 


THEODORE    PAYNE 


Pentstemcn  heterophyllus.  "Violet  Beard  Ton- 
gue." Perennial  I1/,)  to  2  feet  high.  A  bushy 
plant  with  narrow  pale  green  leaves  and  numer- 
ous spikes  of  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  royal  pur- 
ple marked  with  pink.  Pkt.  10c. 


PENTSTEMON  SPECTABIUS 
See  Description  on  p.  15. 

Pentstemon  labrosus.  "Scarlet  Pentstemon."  Per- 
ennial 1  to  2  feet  high.  A  splendid  species  from 
the  pine  belt  of  our  mountains.  The  plants  throw 


CALIFORNIA  WILD  FLOWERS 


15 


up  many  stems  with  rather  narrow,  dark  green, 
sometimes  bronze  colored,  leaves,  and  spikes  of 
bright  scarlet  tubular  flowers;  exceedingly  showy 
and  free  flowering.  Pkt.  15c. 

Pentstemon  spectabilis.  "Blue  Pentstemon." 
Perennial  4  to  7  feet  high.  This  is  one  of  the 
grandest  and  most  stately  of  all  our  native 
plants.  Flowers  are  large  and  in  great  spikes 
often  3  feet  long;  color  is  the  richest  combina- 
tion of  blue  and  royal  purple.  In  every  way  a 
majestic  flower.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Fhacelia  grandiflora.  Annual  1  to  3  feet  high. 
Large  saucer-shaped  flowers  in  color  varying 
from  lavender  to  white,  beautifully  streaked  and 
veined  with  violet  purple.  Pkt.  lOc. 


PLATYSTEMON  CALIFORNICUS 

Phacelia  Parryi.  Annual  1  to  l1/^  ft.  high.  Flowers 
saucer-shaped,  deep  violet,  generally  with  five 
yellow  spots.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Phacelia  Whitlavia.  "Wild  Canterbury  Bell." 
Annual  1  to  l1/^  feet  high.  Large  bell-shaped 
flowers  hanging  in  open  airy  clusters,  color  violet 
purple.  Stems  reddish,  leaves  dark  green  slight- 
ly crinkled.  Pkt.  5c. 

Platystemon  californicus.  "Cream  Cups."  An- 
nual 6  to  10  inches  high.  Cream  colored  flowers 
of  the  peculiar  delicacy  characteristic  of  the 
poppy  family.  Narrow  leaves,  slender,  hairy 
stems  and  gracefully  nodding  buds.  A  charming 
little  plant.  Pkt.  oc. 

Romneya  Coulteri.  "Matilija  Poppy."  Perennial 
6  to  10  feet  high.  The  Queen  of  California 
flowers,  truly  a  majestic  plant.  The  plant  throws 
up  numerous  woody  stems  with  handsome  gray- 


16 


THEODORE    PAYNE 


green  foliage,  topped  with  large  numbers  ol 
flowers.  The  blossoms  are  often  (5  or  7  inches  in 
diameter,  of  a  crepe-like  texture,  pure  glistening 
white  with  bright  yellow  centers.  The  seed  is 
hard  to  germinate;  some  people  claim  To  have  had 
success  by  soaking  the  seed  in  weak  Ive.  PkT. 
lOc. 


VIOIvA  PEDUNCULATA 
See  Description  on  p.  17. 

Salvia  carduacea.  "Thistle  Sage."  Annual  1  to  2 
feet  high.  An  attractive  plant;  has  thistle-like 
woolly  foliage  and  large,  airy,  fantastic  heads  of 
blossoms  of  pale  lavender.  Pkt.  10c. 

Silene  laeiniata.  "Indian  Pink."  Perennial;  stems 
1  to  3  feet  long,  with  many  widely  spreading 
branches,  sometimes  growing  erect  but  more 
often  decumbent.  Flowers  bright  scarlet  with 
edge  of  petals  beautifully  laciniated.  Pkt.  10r. 

Sisyrinchium  bellum.  ' '  Blue  Eyed  Grass. ' '  Peren- 
nial 8  to  15  inches  high.  A  charming  little  flower 
belonging  to  the  Iris  family.  Flowers  bright  blue 
with  yellow  centers,  light  green  grass-like  foli- 
age. Pkt.  lOc. 


CALIFORNIA  WILD  FLOWERS  17 


Solanum  Wallace!.  "Catalina  Nightshade. "  Shrub- 
by perennial  4  to  6  feet  high.  A  showy  plant 
with  rather  heavy  woolly  foliage  and  large  deep 
violet  flowers.  A  native  of  Catalina  Island.  Pkt. 
lOc. 

Solanum  Xanti.  ' '  Violet  Nightshade. ' '  Shrubby 
perennial  2  to  5  feet  high.  Flowers  deep  .violet, 
foliage  light  green.  An  attractive  plant  and 
well  suited  for  planting  in  groups  or  masses. 
Pkt.  lOc. 

Trichostema  lanatum.  ' '  Romero  "  or  "  Woolly  Blue- 
curls.  "  Perennial  shrub  4  to  6  feet  high.  Flow- 
ers blue,  in  spikes  often  a  foot  long  and  the 
whole  inflorescence  clothed  with  a  dense  violet 
colored  wool.  The  foliage  is  narrow,  glossy 
green  above  and  whitish  beneath.  This  is  really 
a  most  remarkable  shrub,  growing  as  it  does  on 
dry  ridges  and  flowering  profusely  in  the  middle 
of  summer.  It  is  especially  valuable  for  plant- 
ing on  dry  banks  and  places  which  cannot  be 
watered.  Pkt.  lOc. 

Viola  pedunculata.  "Yellow  Violet."  Annual  4 
to  8  inches  high.  A  most  charming  little  plant. 
Flowers  yellow,  the  two  upper  petals  beautifully 
blotched  with  brown  on  the  outside.  Flower 
stems  long  and  erect;  a  proud  little  flower.  Pkt. 
15c. 

Zauschneria  calif  ornica.  "California  Fuchsia." 
Perennial  1  to  l1^  feet  high.  Large,  trumpet- 
shaped  flowers,  color  vivid  scarlet.  Leaves  and 
stems  gray-green  covered  with  soft  wool.  Very 
effective  for  covering  dry  banks  and  flowering 
freely  in  summer  and  fail.  Pkt.  15c. 


WILD  FLOWER  SEEDS  IN  MIXTURES 

In  ordering  these  it  is  only  necessary  to  mention 
the  number  of  the  mixture  desired. 

No.  1.  General  mixture  of  annual  wild  flower 
seeds.  This  mixture  is  made  up  of  those  kinds 
which  will  give  a  succession  of  flowers  for  a  long 
period  and  that  will  succeed,  under  any  ordinary 
conditions.  Pkt.  5c,  oz.  30c,  Ib.  $4.00. 

No.  2.  Mixture  of  annual  wild  flower  seeds  for 
sowing  in  shady  places.  Pkt.  lOc,  oz.  35c,  Ib. 
$5.00. 

No.  3.  Mixture  of  annual  wild  flower  seeds  in  or- 
ange, yellow  and  cream  shades.  Pkt.  lOc,  oz.  45c, 
Ib.  $6.00. 

No.  4.  Mixture  of  annual  wild  flower  seeds  in  blue, 
purple  and  lavender  shades.  Pkt.  lOc,  oz.  35c, 
Ib.  $5.00. 


Special  Souvenir  Collection  of  California 
Wild  Flower  Seeds 

Twelve  species  in  separate  packets,  my  selection, 
mailed  free  to  any  part  of  the  world  on  receipt 
of  50c. 


18  THEODORE    PAYNE 

CALIFORNIA   NATIVE 
BULBS 


All  species  except  Lilies  can  be  supplied  from 
August  to  November;  Lilies,  September  to  Decem- 
ber. Best  results  are  obtained  from  early  plant- 
ing. Prices  quoted  include  postage. 

BLOOMERIA 

Bloomeria  aurea.  ' '  Golden  Stars. ' '  Plants  grow 
from  9  to  15  inches  high,  flowering  in  umbels  of 
from  15  to  50  golden-yellow  star-shaped  flow?  s. 
Thrives  best  in  heavy  but  well  drained  soil. 
Plant  from  3  to  4  inches  deep.  Each  5c;  per 
doz.  40c. 

BRODIAEA 

Brodiaea  capitata.  ' '  Cluster  Lily  "  or  "  Wild  Hy- 
acinth." Flowers  in  clusters,  violet  to  light 
blue,  grows  from  1  to  2  feet  high.  This  and  the 
following  species  will  grow  in  any  good  loam, 
well  drained;  plant  3  inches  deep.  Each  5c;  per 
doz.  40c. 


BRODIAEA  COCCINEA 

Brodiaea  coccinea.  "Floral  Firecracker."  A 
striking  and  beautiful  plant,  with  long  slender 
stems,  headed  with  numerous  tubular,  bright 
crimson  flowers,  which  are  tipped  with  pale  green. 
Very  effective  for  planting  in  rock  works,  among 
ferns.  Each  5c;  per  doz.  40c. 

Brodiaea  grandiflora.  "Harvest  Brodiaea. "  A  late 
flowering  species.  It  grows  from  6  inches  to  1 
foot  high,  with  5  to  10  large  flowers  on  a  stem, 
of  a  rich  violet-purple  shade.  Each  5c;  per  doz. 
50c. 

Brodiaea  laxa.  A  magnificent  species;  grows  from 
1  to  2  feet  high.  Flowers  very  large,  in  umbels 
of  from  10  to  30,  violet  or  purple.  Each  5c; 
per  doz.  50c. 


CALIFORNIA  WILD  FLOWERS 


19 


CALOCHORTUS 

"Mariposa  Lily"  or  "Butterfly  Tulip."  The 
tlowers  are  of  the  most  varied  and  showy  colors 
and  resemble  a  tulip  in  form.  Among  the  most 
beautiful  of  our  native  plants.  The  following 
species  grow  best  in  a  rather  heavy  loam  but  must 
li.-ive  good  drainage.  Plant  4  to  5  inches  deep. 

Calochortas  albus.  "Fairy  Bell"  or  "White  Globe 
Tulip."  An  extremely  graceful  plant.  The 
flowers  are  pendant  like  bells  and  globular  in 
form,  of  the  most  exquisite  silky  texture  and 
pearly  white,  from  10  to  20  on  a  plant.  Grows  1 
to  2  feet  high.  Each  5c;  per  doz.  40c. 


CALOCHORTUS 

Calochortus  Cataiinae.  Large  handsome  flowers, 
white  or  lilac  with  a  large  maroon  spot  at  the 
base  of  each  petal.  Height  1  to  2  feet;  blooms 
several  weeks  before  other  Mariposas.  Each  5c; 
per  doz.  50c. 

Calochortus  clavatas.  Large  flowers,  sometimes  4 
to  5  inches  across,  shaped  like  a  broad  based 
bowl;  deep  rich  yellow,  the  lower  half  covered 
with  stiff  yellow  hairs.  Sturdy  zigzag  stems  2  to 
3  feet  high.  Each  lOc;  per  doz.  $1.00. 

Calochortus  Plummerae.  Large  flowers,  rich  laven- 
der purple,  lined  with  long  yellow,  silky  hairs. 
Grows  2  to  3  feet  high.  Each  5c;  per  doz.  50c. 

Calochortus  pulchellus.  "Yellow  Globe  Tulip."  A 
charming  plant  with  slender  stems  and  pendant, 
globular  flowers,  lemon-yellow  in  color.  The  plants 
grow  about  1  foot  high.  Each  ]0c;  per  doa.  $1.00. 

Calochortus  splendens.  Flowers  pale  lilac,  2  to  3 
inches  across,  lower  part  of  the  petals  covered 
with  long  cobwebby  hairs.  Height  2  to  3  feet. 
Each  5c;  per  doz.  50c. 


20          THEODORE  PAYNE 


ERYTHRONIUM 

Erythronium  calif ornicum.  "Dog's  Tooth  Violet." 
A  flower  of  rare  beauty  from  the  woodlands  of 
the  northern  part  cf  our  state.  The  leaves  are 
large,  dark  green,  richly  mottled  with  brown, 
and  the  flowers  come  6  to  10,  and  sometimes 
more,  on  a  stem.  They  are  large,  creamy  yellow, 
often  with  a  maroon  band  at  the  base.  It  thrives 
best  in  a  loose,  gritty  soil,  enriched  with  plenty  of 
leaf  mold,  and  in  a  shady  location,  and  should  be 
planted  about  2  inches  deep.  Each  5c;  per  doz. 
50c. 

FRITILLARIA 

Fritillaria  biflora.  ' '  Chocolate  Lily. ' '  An  exquisite 
little  flower,  occasionally  found  growing  011  grassy 
slopes,  generally  on  the  north  side  of  our  hills. 
The  plants  grow  from  6  to  18  inches  high,  and 
the  flowers  are  bell  shaped,  and  dark  brown  or 
nearly  black.  Grows  best  in  clay  or  heavy  loam. 
Plant  the  bulbs  about  3  inches  deep.  Each  lUc; 
per  doz.  $1.00. 

Fritillaria  lanceolata.  "Mission  Bells."  An  odd 
looking  and  interesting  flower.  It  throws  up  a 
stem  from  one  to  two  feet  high;  with  whorls  of 
shining  green  leaves,  and  with  a  string  of  pend- 
ant, bell-shaped  flowers,  which  are  bronze  colored, 
beautifully  mottled  and  checkered  with  dull 
green  and  purple.  This  and  the  following  species 
both  require  a  shady  location,  and  a  light,  well 
drained  soil,  enriched  with  plenty  of  leaf  mold. 
Plant  the  bulbs  about  two  inches  deep.  Each  lOc; 
per  doz.  $1.00. 

Fritillaria  recurva.  ' '  Scarlet  Fritillary. ' '  A  mag- 
nificent species,  and  really  the  finest  of  the  genus. 
The  plants  grow  from  10  to  18  inches  high,  and 
produce  from  3  to  12  flowers  on  a  stem  of  a  bril- 
liant scarlet,  spotted  with  orange  in  the  throat. 
Each  lOc;  per  doz.  $1.00. 

LILIUM 

Lilium  Humboldtii.  A  stately  species  growing  4  to 
5  feet  high.  Flowers  8  to  12  arranged  in  a 
pyramidal  raceme  on  a  stout  leafy  stem;  deep 
orange  spotted  with  maroon;  often  5  to  6  inches 
in  diameter.  Grows  in  partially  shaded  places 
in  rich  loam  mixed  with  decomposed  leaves,  re- 
quires good  drainage.  Each  25c.  Per  doz.  $2.50. 

Lilium  pardalinum.  A  magnificent  species,  and  of 
easy  cultivation.  Plants  grow  from  3  to  6  feet 
high,  with  broad  leaves  and  many  large,  showy 
flowers;  reddish  orange,  heavily  dotted  with  ma- 
roon, and  tipped  with  red.  Each  25e;  per  doz. 
$2.50. 

Lilium  Parryi.  A  rare  and  exquisite  species. 
Flowers  large,  on  slender  leafy  stems,  trumpet- 
shaped,  lemon-yellow  and  very  fragrant.  Grows 
2  to  4  feet  high.  Requires  a  moist  situation; 
light  sandy  soil  mixed  with  plenty  of  leaf  mold. 
Each  30c;  per  doz.  $3.00. 


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